Month: October 2022

Word Count:
548

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Architecture is sometimes poetically called stiff music. And it is true: the impact of the building’s exterior and its interior especially on the human mind can be compared to the impact of a melody.

building’s exterior, housing design, house, private house, house style, space for living, decoration, interior design, decor of a room, interior, feng-shui, house planning

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Architecture is sometimes poetically called stiff music. And it is true: the impact of the building’s exterior and its interior especially on the human mind can be compared to the impact of a melody. Very often even a little detail can cause melancholy or vice-versa, bring the feeling of cheerfulness, burst of power and joy.

Fortunately, there has sunk into oblivion the time when interior was arranged only with pragmatic considerations of practicability and utility. Striving for full observing these often doubtful criteria of fashion and prestige is no longer the most important thing, but here comes in the forefront the personal and psychological aspect in housing design. A flat or a private house is gradually becoming not only the space for living but a certain expression of its master’s inner world. The house style is oriented on first of all the creation of a comfortable and harmonious climate, and when choosing carefully all decoration components it can be some sort of a passive psychiatrist.

Psychological approach to interior design includes two basic functions. The most widely spread and common is a harmonizing function when the decor of a room or the whole house reflects its master’s temperament, his habits, his world outlook and mind. The task of such a decor is to create the atmosphere of harmony and calm. Bold and nontrivial solutions can hardly be appropriate. Such an approach actually assumes interior inactivity towards its master. Owing to optimal combination of shades and structures of decoration materials as well as decor and accessories elements, the interior is adapted to an individual and continues his inner ego.

The second and more interesting function can be called stimulating. Such an approach assumes some feedback between the premises design and a human mind. Nowadays design plays an active part: it favourably emphasizes certain features of character and temper of its master or vice versa it smoothes and levels unfavourable features. For example, such an interior can balance an impetuous choleric or encourage a melancholic inclined to depression. It is not a secret that feng-shui popularity today owes a lot to the variety of methods for arranging stimulating space offered by this ancient study. But feng-shui successors look more deeply, claiming that favourable arrangement of space can magically influence not only the minds of house dwellers, but also the events of their lives, their personal success and success in business.

It goes without saying that ideal can be such a design which combines both stimulating and harmonizing functions. But not every person can get a professional consultancy in interior psychology or house planning from a master of feng-shui. But still one can master and use in practice the basics of personal approach to house arrangement on its own.

Interior design starts with house planning, creating a certain inner space structure. In terms of psychology such structuring is of primary importance. It sets the rhythm of life in a house and often dictates specific models of house dwellers’ relationships and those between the house dwellers and their guests. Though there are lots of versions of space planning they can be reduced to the two basic types: close and open interior. A close interior assumes clear fixed division of the whole one into several isolated rooms with each having a certain function.

Word Count:
598

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The bathroom has become an essential component of any flat some 100 years ago. And can you imagine your life without it?

bathroom, classic design, design, modern style, colour combinations, bath, bathroom fixtures, corner bath, hydro massage bath, shower, washbasin, mirror, cabinet, bathroom design

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The bathroom has become an essential component of any flat some 100 years ago. And can you imagine your life without it? It’s not only the place where we perform daily hygienic procedures, it is an island of relaxation in our apartment.

So, we should take every effort to make our bathroom a pleasant place. It means that interiors of the bathroom should combine comfort and delight the eye. Besides, we should remember about the size of your bathroom and the size of your budget.

First of all you should select the colour. Here everything is up to your choice, though some requirements do exist. It is desirable that the colour of the bathroom matched the colour grade of your flat in general. Preference is given to pastel shades: beige, light blue, pink, etc. In this case all the interior design will be subject to the everlasting classical codes. Fine lines, sophisticated gilded details – all this will help to create a true royal atmosphere.
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However, if you dislike the very idea of classic design as something terribly banal, you can design your bathroom in modern style. Let it be as bright as Brazilian carnival! Don’t be afraid of improvisations, use various colour combinations. Make the principle of combining incompatible the basis of your design.

Now about the main thing in your bathroom – the bath. The choice of this no doubt the most significant detail of the room is a matter of your taste. Now stores of bathroom fixtures can offer everything a human imagination can think of: a full-length bath, corner bath, hydro massage bath, etc. The range of colours includes every tint from the classic white to the avant-garde black. The one thing you should remember that colour of the bath and washbasin should match each other.

If the size of your bathroom allow additional 1,5 2, do not box the shower into the bath. Divide two wonderful procedures of the same value: quick taking shower and gracious unhasty rest in the bathroom.

But the bathroom is not only about the bath. Make the maximum use of the space of your bathroom. Various shelves and cabinets will make your bathroom inimitable. You can buy a set of furniture (it usually includes washbasin units, a mirror, cabinet and a wall unit) or you can choose module furniture, allowing you or with the designer’s help to create your own design.

The material, the furniture will be made of, is not regulated in any way. It can be heave marble, reminding you of Roman bath houses; and light wood (it is processed in a special way and is waterproof) creating the atmosphere of finnish sauna together with wooden wall cladding; as well as practical plastic – light and easy to use.

Light, mirrors and other small accessories will worthily emphasize the uniqueness of your bathroom design. Light is the beginning of everything. And bathroom is the place where you should see yourself very well. That’s why besides the upper light install waterproof spot lights above the mirror and above the water basin.

Mirror also helps you to evaluate yourself from every side, that’s why one small mirror will not do. Let there be two of them with different functions one zooming mirror for shaving and makeup and another – a simple mirror allowing you to see yourself from every side.

Small accessories will make your bathroom look unique. The only thing left to do now is to add something that only you need: flowers on the tables, aromatic candle on the bath, turn on the water and dive into the world of peace and enjoyment!

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895

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If you don’t like to luxuriate in a warm bath and become accustomed to take a refreshing shower in the morning and to take a relaxing shower before going to bed

bathroom, bathroom design, bathroom cupboards, sink, shower

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If you don’t like to luxuriate in a warm bath and become accustomed to take a refreshing shower in the morning and to take a relaxing shower before going to bed, then a shower cabin is an optimal solution for you. Being alternative to baths, shower cabins become more and more popular nowadays. There are several reasons for such popularity. Firstly, in comparison with bath, the shower saves water approximately fivefold. Secondly, shower takes much less time, than having a bath. Thirdly, a shower cabin saves space – i.e. the bath utilizes much less space than a bath. And, besides the shower cabin is considered more hygienic in operation as bath because dirt is washed off by flowing water. Thus, advantages of this equipment are quite obvious. It is time to go to shop and to buy a shower cabin.

Prior to purchase of the shower cabin, it is necessary to determine its design. There are open and closed shower cabins. Open shower cabins border the shower zone partially – there is a shower partition or a door between existing walls. Closed shower cabins are bordered completely along the perimeter of shower zone and have a roof which prevents steam outflow and hampers condensation. Certainly, the closed cabin is more comfortable, but it is much more expensive.

The doors of shower cabins are usually made of glass which may be transparent, matte or rough. Single or double swing doors usually require the greater area of bathroom. Sliding doors utilize much less space. The more leaves, the less space is inside of a cabin, but the frame, at the same time, becomes steadier.

When choosing the shower cabin it is necessary to consider that its size must not be less than 80 x 80 cm, otherwise you will be essentially limited in space.

Shower cabins pallets may be made of pig-iron, steel, ceramics, artificial marble (pallet is made of pressed marble chips and polymeric pitches), as well as of synthetic materials: acrylic and its more modern derivative – quaryl. All these materials have their own peculiarities of maintenance. For example, pig-iron enameled pallets are steady, but get warm too long, steel pallets rattle under a jet of water, and pallets made of ceramics (faience) may crack up. Marble pallets are quite expensive, but they worth it: durable, convenient and having perfect appearance. Each of such pallets is unique, as each piece of marble is unique on its color, shades and structure. Acrylic pallet is nice too but it’s not durable and needs a special frame, and its surface is not jam-proof. However, scratches on acrylic are easily removed and special skills for that purpose are not required. Quaryl is one of acrylic’s derivatives (for its manufacturing marble chips are used) and its surface is much more jam-proof.

In general, the following requirements are specified to pallets: durability, immunity of surface to mechanical damages (scratches, chipping), rapid warming up, external decorative effect and not least, the presence of fluting on a pallet’s surface which hampers sliding.

Functionality of shower cabins goes beyond the ability of shower. Modern shower cabin not just replaces a bath, but may combine functions of Turkish bath, massage and therapeutic salons.

For example, vertical massage is provided by jets of water supplied from injectors. Number of apertures in injectors may vary from 3 and more. Some shower cabins are equipped with feet massage function. The pressure necessary for normal functioning of vertical massage system is 3-5 atms. You’ll have to make a point of these peculiarities as in many houses not having the special equipment all these amenities will be unclaimed. The reason is common – absence of needed water pressure in water pipe. If the pressure is low you’ll have to choose only those shower cabins which work at water pressure of 1.5 atms.

The transition douche effect is achieved by alternate action of contrast temperatures water alternating within short time-periods. Cold water is supplied from water supply system and hot water temperature may be chosen by you. This function may be applied both when using a hand spray and with vertical massage system. Hydro massage is the function of vertical massage system. It is represented by alternate bottom-up injection of horizontal groups of injectors. Chromotherapy in shower cabin is represented by special source of illumination placed in cabin which periodically lights up with various colors.

Turkish bath function is generation of steam by steam generator. That steam goes to a cabin from a steam blower. The temperature of steam makes 45-60C. Almost all shower cabins have function of steam aromatization with phytocosmetic substances.

Possible connection of radio and audio belongs to group of audio functions. As a rule, they are built in shower cabin. Cabins having such functions are equipped with switchboard which enables adjustment of functioning parameters; such cabins also have built in speaker system.

Combined multifunction shower cabins have all advantages of hydro massage baths and shower cabins. Their size is usually quite impressive, but, nevertheless, they save a lot of space.

Shower cabin installation does not require of any structural works such as tile and stone works or field painting. You’ll have to connect the shower cabin with water supply pipe and with discharge stack. These operations are to be performed by experts.

The prices on different shower cabins may vary, but generally the price determines both quality and volume of “services” “provided” by a cabin.

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561

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Marble on the walls looks spectacular, but because of its porous structure the stone will need permanent protection with the help of water-repellent liquids.

natural floor tiles, floor tiles, kitchen decoration, kitchen worktops, marble countertops, wall tiles, natural stone, interior design, house decoration

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Marble on the walls looks spectacular, but because of its porous structure the stone will need permanent protection with the help of water-repellent liquids. The situation with granite in this case is much simpler – this material is stronger and firmer. The only thing which remains is to regularly wipe the walls, removing water drops. Natural floor tiles, as it has already been said, should have non-slip surface, otherwise, you take a risk of slipping and falling down while leaving the bath. Covering the floor surface with a protective rug makes no sense taking into account an idea of having a smooth “mirror” floor in the bathroom.

Since humidity is the essential attribute of such places, you shouldn’t forget about the choice of special glue for the bathroom tiles. Firstly, the glue must not be ruined by water and, secondly, it should provide additional waterproofing for a floor and walls.

Kitchen decoration.
Quite often natural stone is used in a kitchen decoration not only for floor, but for kitchen worktops, wall tiles, natural stone splashbacks, windowsills etc. All these could be made of one and the same or different materials – as you like it. However, in the kitchen, the same as in the bathroom, it is not recommended to have polished floor tiles without anti-slip protection: it is dangerous and not very convenient. Matte marble coating completely meets this demand, but it has its disadvantages: spilt vinegar or lemon juice will spoil the tile and it’s not an easy task to remove red vine from the light rugged floor. Dark, red or grey granite is a more suitable option, but mud protection will not be needless for it as well.

Marble countertops will make your kitchen look luxurious, but regular home food preparation is connected with acidulous ingredients, which ruin marble in case of long-term exposure. However, there are protective sealants for kitchen stone, but they should be applied regularly.

So, the most suitable option for kitchen worktops turns out to be granite again: it is beautiful, safe, secure and needs minimal care.

Generally, windowsills have a decorative function that is why they are less exposed to chemical agents. Just don’t forget to wipe spilled water at once after watering and fertilizing flowers. While everything is so simple with windowsills, you can choose any decorative stone you like and be guided only with your own taste and financial abilities.

Rooms decoration.
Natural stone in rooms is used for fireplaces, balusters and stairs, banisters, coffee tables and various decorations. Since they are exposed only to small mechanical effect, they are manufactured from almost all types of natural stone. Statuettes and vases made of marble and onyx will make your apartment look more sophisticated and bring your interior closer to the classic style. Their maintenance is very simple – such items should be periodically wiped with a dry and soft duster. Floors in the rooms can be smooth; they look especially good in spacious halls.

Knowing all these fine points now you can select natural stone for your home or flat design without any difficulties. If you have any doubts about the correctness of this or that idea for the interior design, refer to specialists of natural stone company supplier. They will give you more detailed information, recommend you optimal means for protection and maintenance and will correctly perform all the works for house decoration.

Word Count:
604

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Natural stone has been used as a material for premises interior furnishing for a long time now. It is used for lining of walls and floor tiling, wall columns, worktops, fireplaces, interior design elements.

Natural stone, interior design, interior decoration, exterior and interior decoration, house refurbishment, flat renovation, bathrooms, bathrooms decoration, bathroom, bathroom tiles

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Natural stone has been used as a material for premises interior furnishing for a long time now. It is used for walls tiling and floor tiling, wall columns, worktops, fireplaces, interior design elements. However, to provide a long term of service of all these items it is necessary to make a correct choice of stone and materials for finishing. This means to take into account service conditions of the materials used for the exterior and interior decoration.

It is rather easy to do it; you should just know inherent characteristics of the type of stone you like and the problems which you can face in the process of its usage. These problems have become fewer over the years as many centuries ago natural stone was exposed only to mechanical treatment and now there have been developed lots of means of its protection, adding to its prolonged and more comfortable maintenance.

However, house refurbishment or flat renovation demand to choose a proper natural stone for the decoration and knowledge of some useful tips would help to avoid even pinpricks in the future.

Hallways decoration.
Since it is the hall that we immediately see when we enter the house, we shall start from it. In this small but important chamber natural stone is generally used for finishing of walls and floor. As a rule, walls are not exposed to aggressive influence of moisture, mud, chemicals or chafing, therefore, any type of natural stone finishing will be appropriate here. On the vertical surfaces both picturesque elements with rough chips such as limestone, and smooth tiles will make a favorable impression. Polished marble and granite look especially effective.

There are fewer options for floor making: it is unreasonable to use stone with porous structure – it won’t serve long and will need too much time for care. Granite is the undisputed leader among materials for floor tile. It is strong and wear-resistant enough; rich scale of colors of this natural stone allows not only combining it with any designer’s decisions but making an accent exactly on the floor covering.

Stone texture.
Special consideration should be given to stone texture, since regularity of care and its complexity depend much on the surface: whether it is smooth and polished or rugged. Smooth surface is easier to clean, but with the lapse of time there appear worn-out zones in the areas of the highest usage. It is a little bit harder to clean rugged surface, because dust and street mud get into the smallest hollows.

Natural stone care and maintenance liquids allow you to simplify cleaning: mug protective liquids which are regularly applied on the tile will considerably reduce the time for cleaning and provide a perfect result. By the way, the same liquids could be applied to the wall tiles too.

If you are keen on smooth tile (well-polished dark granite reflects walls and ceiling of the lighted hall like a mirror, giving the apartment more grandeur), use the anti-slip tapes. They are easy to apply, absolutely invisible and provide a good result. Just remember to renovate protective film from time to time.

Bathrooms decoration.
Bathrooms decoration in general deserves special attention as the object of natural stone decoration. Bathroom tiles, being constantly exposed to the influence of water and steam, with the lapse of time amasses lime scale on its surface and with very high humidity mould can appear. Certainly, there is a way out: in the first case to put filters for water purification and softening, and in the second one – to provide good ventilation. However, to provide long service of natural stone you should correctly select its type.

Word Count:
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Natural stone is a natural material which has been used in construction, finishing, exterior and interior decoration for a long time and up to the present.

Natural stone, natural stone worktops, bathroom suites, kitchens countertops

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Natural stone is a natural material which has been used in construction, finishing, exterior and interior decoration for a long time and up to the present. Quality of the initial material, modern equipment and high qualified stone masons allow creating real masterpieces from plain at the first glance slabs. Products of every imaginable applications: bathroom suites, kitchens countertops, windowsills, tiles and columns, vases and chandeliers demonstrate both delicacy of form and natural beauty of stone.

This material is solid, reliable and durable and can serve for more than one decade. However, not many people know that stone also requires regular cautious care, because it is the care that the appearance of your renovated house or garden will depend on after some time passes.

Natural stone tiles care.
After tiling, the tile made of natural stone often bears traces of cement which is used to fix the tiles to the walls or floor. Do not scratch the polished surface with the knife, you should use a specific cement remover. Besides, this substance will also help you to take away the lime masses and mold, and other persistent formations on marble or granite surfaces.

You can also use “Stone soap” for further care of stone products. It is not, of course, a common bar of soap, it is actually a special cleaner that not only cleans the stone as well as helps to maintain its colour and protect from dirt, forming a thin protective film. Common stone cleaners remove spilt oil, fat, paint as well as stains of natural wax. You can easily treat granite, marble, terrazzo and travertine with these agents.

Rust marks may occur when stone is in contact with metal, as it is the case while tiling bathroom walls or floor with natural stone. Rust removers not only transform the rust, as well as form long-term protective coating that protects products from further contamination.

Stone sealers can also serve as additional protection of porous finishing materials. Transparent acrylic coating does not only block pores, thus increasing the resistance of products to water and dirt, but also enhances colour and emphasizes stone structure. The stone sealer facilitates care for walls and floor tiles, fireplace finishing details and other ornaments.

Besides, such porous stone as limestone can be treated with stone enhancer that hardens surfaces and prolongs service life of products.

Floor care.
Marble or granite floors make newly refurbished houses look really luxurious and highlight the interior elegance. It s not that difficult to care for them, just you should know useful tips, so that the stone that is daily exposed to regular pressure can serve longer and maintain its initial natural elegance.

To avoid scratches you should sweep away the sand before cleaning stone tiles. If you ignore it, abrasive particles will scuff the floor during wet cleaning and after a while the floor will look eroded and unattractive.

The stone floor should be cleaned with a mop, preferably without metallic particles that may scratch the floor. If the floor is too dirty, you should apply special liquids for cleaning the stone tiles. These liquids differ from common cleaners used, for example, for ceramics or linoleum, with their composition and particularly with neutral

Word Count:
994

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After setting the illumination and selecting optimum colours for the bathroom, we will pass on to finishing materials.

bathroom, small bathroom, floor tiles, shower, sink

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Illusion of texture.
After setting the illumination and selecting optimum colours for the bathroom, we will pass on to finishing materials.

The basic rules of designers are as follows:

1. Any line in the interior divides the area in two halves.

2. Large elements in the small room visually diminish it.

3. Horizontal lines increase the premise width, but diminish its height. Vertical lines have the opposite effect.

Now we will be more specific.

Up to now, the most popular finishing material for the bathroom is tiles. They are beautiful, comfortable and practical. But tiles have one peculiarity – the joints between separate tiles. According to the paving technology, it is impossible to do without them. In such cases the colour of the grout for these joints is to be maximally close to the basic colour of the tile. It allows to avoid a great number of horizontal and vertical lines.

The second rule is relevant not only to furniture and sanitary equipment, but also to the size of tiles, paved on the floor and walls. For little premises it is better to use the mosaic or tiles of the smallest possible size.

The third rule is the universal rule of stylists and designers. It is the same for clothes and design of the room. If you want to make the room wider – use horizontal stripes, if you want to make it higher – use vertical stripes. But do not forget rule number one.

Through the Looking Glass.
A mirror is an indispensable thing in a bathroom. In fact, it occupies almost no space, but extends the walls. It is the optimal decision for increasing the area of small rooms. So it not only widens the room, but also reflects the light.

Designers use a fascinating method for further optical increase in the area. They hang mirrors opposite each other. And if the mirror wall increases room only by two times, two mirrors extend the bathroom infinitely.

Furniture and sanitary equipment.
The more the number and size of the furniture, the smaller the premise. This principle is very plain and easy to understand. But if we can’t do without furniture, perhaps, it is possible to solve the problem. Try to use furniture from glass.

Do you want to have the chair in the bathroom? No problem, just choose the chair with thin legs and a transparent back. But it will be better to replace the chair by a light stool or ottoman. There are models that are screwed to the wall and occupy even less space.

You want to place household chemical goods somewhere, but the closet occupies a lot of place. Hang up open shelves on walls. The vertical shelf will raise the ceiling, the horizontal one will extend walls. Do not make wide shelves, the depth 15-20 cm will be quite enough for you.

Think, maybe you will remove the stand from under the sink and replace it by something less bulky. Now a great number of variants are available. For example, a small bathroom sink occupy the minimum space. Such a sink has the same advantage and disadvantage – its size. And when the water is flowing from the tPDD1 at high pressure, your floor can be wet as if in the swimming pool. The next optimum variant with regard to size is the hanged sinks. Its pipes can be built into the wall and do not occupy space. The next variants are sinks on a pedestal and semi-pedestals.

What occupies the greatest amount of space in our bathroom? Certainly, it is the bath. So we have one more standard method of increasing the bathroom – to replace the bath with a shower cabin. For greater visual increase of the room, try to select a cabin with maximally transparent walls or keep cabin doors open.

What shall we do with the lavatory pan? We know well the standard models of w.c. pans, as well as the amount of space they occupy. But there are more compact models. These are lavatory pans with a hidden side, i.e. floor or suspended pans. A new model is corner lavatory pan, someone may find it optimal.

Little cunnings for extension the area.
Specialists say that a bathroom is the room, where one can stay on their own. Since his attention is not occupied by anything else, he starts scrutinising the interior. Nothing can irritate the individual more and even more diminish the area as disorder in this interior. It makes the little premise smaller.

The followings small pieces of advice will help to extend the area:

1. Build in all pipes into walls yet on the stage of repair in the bathroom.

2. Try not to hang towels all over the bathroom as sails, after drying it will be better to roll them and store somewhere on the shelf.

3. If you like to decorate your bathroom, instead a multitude of small things use one, but of larger size.

4. Keep balance, do not encumber shelves by cosmetics (it is recommended not to keep it in the bathroom) and other nice trifles.

5. Remove everything what is possible to remove from the field of vision. Take some time for bringing the linen closet in order. Remove things, which you no longer need, from the shelves. Vacate the space for things that are permanently needed and used.

6. If you have a bath and use curtain for douche, use the curtain of the light colour, maximally light and transparent. After taking the douche, do not close the bath by the curtain, but move it to the wall.

7. If you have a window in the bathroom, try to extend it, beautify it by the light tulle and let the sunlight into the premise. This improvement will allow you to place the flower in the bathroom, but it must be moisture-resistant.

8. If your bathroom has no window, hang the picture on the wall with the view on mountains, the sea or the garden. This enables to extend your bathroom visually.

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677

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If you don’t live in a customized house with a luxurious bathroom and a separate dressing room, you are most likely to wish your tiny bathroom were larger.

bathroom, small bathroom, floor tiles, shower, sink

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If you don’t live in a customized house with a luxurious bathroom and a separate dressing room, you are most likely to wish your tiny bathroom were larger. While the owners of large bathrooms decide in what corner to arrange the swimming pool, owners of little bathrooms try to contrive how to fit into the area of 3 sq. m. everything plus the laundry washer.

Little bathroom makes some people feel more comfortable and practical. It is possible to take whatever you want from any shelf without moving, and some tall luckiest can even touch the ceiling. But others feel uncomfortable in little premises, being oppressed by them, they feel as if walls pressed on them.

Depending on the style of your house, your bathroom can fascinate by its simplicity or surprise by its elegancy, calm down with its comfort or hearten by its brilliance. But irrespective of the style that you created in this room, it will still remain a small premise. But apply a little magic of optical illusions – proper color and apt illumination, and room will be visually widened.

Sometimes in order to feel comfort, you don’t need to add meters to the room. Use our prompts and make your small bathroom bigger.

Illusions of light.
Light plays one of leading roles in the beautification of premises. It is necessary to think it over on primary stages of repair and straight away prepare places for lighting units.

Dissipated or reflected light multiplies the area. But it is desirable that finishing of the room was able to reflect light. Light colors reflect light, and dark ones absorb it. Glossy surfaces also reflect the light. Nowadays ceiling can also be covered by gloss – there are hung and stretched ceilings. Such ceiling makes the bathroom one and a half times higher, and the mirror-faced ceiling increases its height by two times. But fans of mirrors are to remember that the mistress of the house may find it a bit straining to wipe the brilliance of this splendour at least once a week.

If to direct the bright light at the ceiling, it will seem higher. And on the contrary, a low or massive luster will decrease the height of the premise. The luster light, directed downward, will also diminish the height of the premise. When the ceiling is in the shadow, the height of the premise is diminished too.

Try to avoid dark corners. They narrow the area optically.

For little rooms it will be better to use build-in light units or hidden illumination. Setting of such illumination over the perimeter of the room will create the atmosphere of airiness and lightness.

Illusions of colour.
Select light tones for walls and ceiling. They visually widen the area. But try to combine light colours. Because a one-coloured room will surely bring you no pleasure. The floor is to have rich colour to increasing the height of the premise: it can be red, blue, yellow and tints of these colours.

Colours that visually widen the area are: white, beige-orange, yellow, light blue, blue, dark blue-green. Dark colors diminish the room, they are black, umber, yellow-red, orange-red.

But there one more class of colours – neutral colours. They do not change the visual perception of the area. These are gray, green, purple-red.

You should to stick to the following rule – cold colours (blue) widen the area, and warm colours (orange) visually diminish it.

If your bathroom happened to have dark color and you have no desire to repair it, add something light in the room. For example, hang up a light shelf or replace shades with white ones, put the vase or light candles. You can also buy ceramic decorations for the tiles in the shape of fish, shells etc. Or use for walls little labels made from film.

In general we can use another colour illusion: light colour on the dark background seems to widen the area. Please, do not overdo it, keep the colour balance because an excessive number of contrasts will “eat out” the area and attract excessive attention.

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751

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The bathtub is known for more than one thousand years. The most ancient baths, discovered during excavations of Cronos’s palace on Isle of Crete

bathroom, bath, bathtub

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The bathtub is known for more than one thousand years. The most ancient baths, discovered during excavations of Cronos’s palace on Isle of Crete, date back to III century B.C. The ceramic baths discovered by archeologists were 2500 years old, but they were very similar to modern ones. By the way, one of the first bronze baths was discovered during excavations at Pompeii. At that time the baths were made of marble and terracotta. We also know that rich citizens of Greece and Rome had silver and even golden pools.

During excavations in one ancient city in India the archeologists discovered baths which age was more than 5 thousand years! Those “washing containers” were in each house of that city and its water facilities were very circumspect.

So even in old time people have appreciated curative properties of water. There is another historical fact. 2 thousand years ago sacred Hindu books “Science of life” contained the following phrase: “The water current is curative; water cools the fever heat and cures any illness”.

Culture of washing and stance on cleanliness of human body during different ages were reflected in design and accessories of bathrooms. One would think that Spartans, bent on religion of strength and health, did not know anything of bathrooms. Besides, they washed only in cold water because they feared to run into a sin of delicacy.

The religion of water blossomed in Ancient Rome. From history we know, that bathrooms were in many private dwellings. Public baths, or “terms” worked regularly, too. By the way, the word “bath” came from a Latin word “balneum” – “to banish the pain”. 200 years B.C. nearly 1000 terms worked in Rome! They had been built under the decree of emperors and named by their names. For example, terms of emperor Karkalla were especially perfect. Every term could contain 2300 persons at a time. There were hot and cold water pools, rooms with individual baths, steam baths and massage rooms. People came to terms not just to wash off the dirt but to relax: to have a rest, to listen to lectures of philosophers and to have a walk in patio gardens. So even then there were some kinds of membership clubs. And in magnificent bathrooms of Emperor Nero it was possible to arrange true feasts and to combine “useful” and “pleasant”.

The Roman sin of pleasant and long bathing was unacceptable for severe middle ages. People washed themselves on rare occasions. At the most a bath was a tile-fronted reservoir or a round wooden tub filled with hot water. The tub was an article of luxury; it was granted for rent from house to house. For the purpose of hot water saving in one tub at a time usually washed two people.

In order to keep the water hot, in XVIII century had been invented and used closed “baths-boots” which were about one meter long. There is one more historical fact about baths. One of French revolution leaders Marat had been killed by a dagger in such bath-boot.

French coppersmith Level in XVII century had set a mass production of metal baths in Europe. He had invented a geyser. For very long time his invention had been out of competition and hadn’t any, more perfect, analogues.
During the reign of Queen Victoria, new devotees of cleanliness placed hip metal baths right in their bedrooms near the mantelpieces that allowed to nimble owner to take the water procedures promising health and longevity right after sleep. A sign of coming century was a cult of health and sports.

A sparkling nickel bath and a white tile in the bathroom had become typical in houses at the beginning of XX century. A large window in the bathroom was a necessity because the bathroom had to be filled with fresh air. In bathrooms of that period of time there were also mantelpieces, shower cabins with nickel-plated rails for taking shower while sitting in wicker chair; large bathtub where a group of people could be washed at a time; monumental marble washstand and huge water-closet…

Time goes by. Increasing opportunities of people give rise to increased demand on modern sanitary means. Culture of washing and stance on cleanliness of a human body during different ages were reflected in design and accessories of bathrooms. Nowadays, abundance of market grants to consumer almost boundless freedom of choice of bathroom design. In short, the bathroom is to be not only a place of your body hygiene, but also a place where your soul can rest.

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Let’s assume that you want to have the maximum of necessary sanitary equipment and the extended set of facilities.

bathroom, small bathroom, floor tiles, shower, sink

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Let’s assume that you want to have the maximum of necessary sanitary equipment and the extended set of facilities. But if you locate it in the traditional way, it will be absolutely impossible to turn around. Non-standard decisions can help in such cases. For example, the unusual configuration of the bathroom can offer very interesting decisions. The equipment will not fit, if mounted at a right angle, but upon changing the corner of mounting of this equipment, you will get free access to it.

“Flexible” organization of useful space will help to increase roominess. For example, a turning box can be mounted in the corner of the shower cabin. The full-equipped bath can be combined with the shower cabin. It is desirable to face all part of the space with the same material, in order to achieve visual unification.

The colour in the bathroom is mainly determined by wall and floor tiles. Here there works the common rule for all types of premises: light tones and transparent materials visually extend area, dark tones diminish it. Do not use the tile of dark or extremely bright tones and the tile with a large pattern. Sparkling surfaces are not suitable too, they make things seem heavier. It is better to choose mat surfaces of tiles and furniture. Floor tiles, faced bias, visually widens the premise.

The illumination of the bathroom must be reasonable because it is not a surgical operating-room. The lamp in the mirror zone is functional.

Furniture and equipment. It is important to use the possibility for storing things, without sacrificing free space in the bathroom. Compact baths, shower facilities, mirrors, boxes, small furniture are developed especially for small bathrooms. Compact light furniture from the same collection adds lightness to the premise. Shelves on roller bearing from the chrome-plated metal with wire mesh sliding containers can prove to be practical and comfortable. The area under the desk top of the wash-stand and over it, is maximally used for mounting of shelves and boxes.

It is even possible to hide the washing machine under the desk top.

If there is no place for the furniture at all, we will maximally use the area of walls, i.e. wall niches and shelves.

Mirrors are considered to be traditional methods of visual widening of the area. In our case we cannot do without mirrors. It is most appropriate here, it is functional, aesthetical and visually widens the area. It is possible to make it versatile: it can not simply hung on the wall, but serve as the door for the closet for small things. If the bathroom it not sufficiently illuminated, the mirror with the changing angle of the slope fastened on wall can bring additional convenience.

Heating elements, heated tower rails, without which we can not imagine a bathroom, also require space. Let’s think whether we can make them multifunction. For example, we can transform the heated tower rail into the system that supports the small shelf for necessary trifles and serves simultaneously as the supporting system for the folding screen (it can be an effective and practical alternative to the shower-curtain).

Small space obliges you to think over the design to the smallest details, in order to turn the bathroom into an aesthetical and functional room. Our allies are colour, light and shape. If the primary variant of planning does not correspond to your objectives, the planning can be changed within reasonable limits, in order to achieve maximum comfort.